The Expanding Landscape of 5G: Standalone Networks and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing

The fifth generation of wireless technology (5G) is rapidly transforming global connectivity, moving beyond initial deployments to unlock its complete potential. This significant evolution is powered by two critical advancements: the increasing global adoption of 5G Standalone (SA) networks and the implementation of Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) technology. These developments are paramount for significantly enhancing 5G network performance, expanding diverse service capabilities, and solidifying 5G's vital role in the future of advanced connectivity.

The Evolution of 5G: The Rise of Standalone (SA) Networks

Early 5G deployments often relied on Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture, which leveraged existing 4G infrastructure. However, the true power and advanced capabilities of 5G are fully realized through its Standalone (SA) networks. SA networks operate independently of 4G, utilizing a fully modernized, dedicated 5G core network. Recent data highlights a significant global shift towards 5G SA adoption. A Heavy Reading survey indicates that approximately 35% of mobile operators worldwide already have nationwide SA networks active, with an additional 20% planning launches by the end of the current year.

This growing adoption of 5G Standalone technology is not just about keeping pace; it represents a strategic investment for operators. Their primary motivation is the potential to deliver "new or better services," recognizing that SA unlocks advanced 5G capabilities far beyond what is possible with NSA. While leading markets, such as the United States, are at the forefront of this crucial transition, global progress is uneven, with many operators still in the early stages of their 5G SA network deployment. Monitoring 5G core infrastructure contract wins will be a key indicator of progress in these regions. Crucially, the industry must achieve a critical mass of SA-compatible devices and services to fully realize the benefits and foster wider ecosystem innovation within the 5G network landscape.

Maximizing 5G Network Efficiency with Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS)

Alongside 5G SA deployment, Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) is playing a vital role in maximizing the efficiency of existing spectrum resources for both 5G and 4G networks. DSS technology allows mobile operators to dynamically allocate spectrum between 5G and 4G based on real-time demand. This flexibility is particularly valuable in areas experiencing high traffic and varying usage patterns, ensuring optimal network performance.

True Corporation, a leading telecom provider in Thailand, has successfully implemented DSS on its 2.6 GHz band in Bangkok’s Thonglor district. This strategic deployment, chosen for its concentration of professionals and business activity, aims to significantly improve both 5G and 4G performance. The rollout is part of a broader network modernization plan, further bolstered by the acquisition of additional 2.3 GHz spectrum for 4G. This allows True Corporation to dedicate the 2.6 GHz band entirely to 5G services while continuing to effectively support 4G users.

Unlike traditional, static spectrum allocation, Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) adjusts bandwidth dynamically, ensuring optimal service delivery across their network. True Corporation plans to expand DSS nationwide, benefiting its substantial 5G subscriber base—exceeding 14.2 million as of Q1 2025—and improving speeds for customers of both TrueMove H and dtac following their recent merger, which created the largest telco merge in Southeast Asia by enterprise value. This showcases how DSS enhances 5G network efficiency.

The Future of 5G Connectivity: SA and DSS Synergy

The convergence of 5G Standalone (SA) networks and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) represents a significant leap forward in the evolution of mobile networks. 5G SA provides the foundational architecture necessary for advanced 5G services, while DSS optimizes the utilization of existing spectrum, effectively bridging the gap during the transition period. Continued investment in both 5G SA technology and DSS deployments is essential to fully unlock the complete potential of 5G, driving innovation and delivering enhanced, seamless connectivity experiences for users worldwide. As 5G SA adoption grows and DSS deployments expand, we can expect to see a more robust, efficient, and versatile 5G ecosystem emerge, truly paving the way for a new era of advanced mobile communication and superior network performance.